Ca Mau (c1730)
As with many of the Vietnamese wrecks the Ca Mau was found
by fishermen off the coast of Ca Mau Province on South Vietnam's
most southern promontory. It was discovered in 1998 and
salvaged by a Vietnamese salvage company. The wreck was
a Chinese junk believed to be travelling the coastline making
its way to the port of Batavia in Java and from there much
of the shipment would probably have been carried on to Europe
by Dutch trading ships. The cargo consisted of porcelain
from many kilns across south China; much of it from the
industrial complex of Jingdezen in Kiangsi province but
also from the Dehau kilns in Fujian, noted for its white
monochromes, and from Guangzhou (Canton) in Guangdong. From
examination of the cargo the ship is believed to have sunk
between 1723 and 1735.
Geldermalsen (1752) - The Nanking cargo
This was a vessel belonging to the Dutch East India Company
(VOC), travelling the usual route of the tea trade between
Canton and The Netherlands. It was about 40 meters in length
and had been built 6 years earlier in 1746.
Besides
its valuable tea cargo it also carried a cargo of gold to
be transhipped to its trading base at Batavia in Java, and
along with these and amounting to only about 5% of its cargo
in monetary terms was a large cargo of porcelain held in
the lower decks to stabilise the ship. In January 1752 it
struck the Admiral Stellingwerf reef near Bintan Island,
near Singapore at the entrance to the straits of Malacca.
The wreck was discovered by Mike Hatcher in May 1985 and
an amazing haul consisting of over 150,000 pieces of porcelain
and much of the gold was eventually brought to the surface.
The porcelain was from the Jingdezen region and had all
been brought along the tortuous route to Canton, mainly
on the backs of coolies. As it was destined for Europe,
the porcelain was of a higher quality than much of the export
ware from China and when it came to Auction at Christies
in Amsterdam it realised a staggering total of over £10
million.
The Hatcher Junk (c1645)
This was the first porcelain wreck to be discovered by Mike
Hatcher and was found in 1983 on Admiral Stellingwerf Reef
about a mile from where he would eventually find the Geldermalsen.
It was the wreck of a Chinese junk probably travelling from
China to the Dutch port of Batavia on the island of Java.
The most important find amongst the 25,000 pieces of porcelain
that eventually reached the surface was a barrel shaped
jar dated 1643, which was paramount in dating the wreck
to around 1645. The wreck then became an important focal
point for dating porcelain from the Transitional Period
between the Ming and Qing dynasties. Many of the more mundane
items would have been sold among the Chinese and Javanese
communities of the island; however, there was a sizeable
amount of better quality items including examples of Kraak
porcelain which would have been destined for the auctions
of Amsterdam, where they eventually arrived in December
1983.
The Tek Sing (1822)
The Tek sing or True Star was a large ocean-going junk which
left the Chinese port of Amoy in January 1822. On board
was a large cargo of porcelain destined for the wealthy
Chinese communities around Batavia on Java.
Along
with the cargo were around 1,600 Chinese workers and their
families looking for a new life amongst the large Chinese
population on the island. They were never to reach there
on this junk however as it was wrecked on the notorious
Belvedere Shoals in the Gaspar Straits between the islands
of Bangka and Belitung off Sumatra. The amazing story of
the junk and its discovery is available on video as well
in the book, The Legacy of the Tek Sing. Around 350,000
pieces were eventually auctioned by Nagel in Stuttgart and
included many blue and white pieces from Swatow as well
as monochromes from Yixing and Dehau.
The Hoi An (c1450)
This was the wreck of a large ocean-going junk measuring
over 30 meters in length found off the coast of Hoi An province
in Vietnam. It differs from many of the other wrecks discovered
in having a cargo of Vietnamese rather than Chinese ceramics
and the ship was believed to have been from Thailand with
a Thai crew. Although first discovered by fishermen in 1993
it was 1999 before a successful salvage could be instigated.
This was partly because for many years the fishermen kept
its location a secret and were gradually selling off their
finds, causing no end of damage to the cargo as they dragged
nets across the wreck site in the hope of bringing odd items
to the surface. The other reason why the salvage took so
long was the depth at which the wreck sat; at between 70-80
metres it was beyond the scope of normal diving and the
saturation diving techniques, with its many complications
had to be employed. Eventually over 300,000 pieces were
brought to the surface which were dated at around the middle
of the 15th century, all of which proved to be invaluable
to the study of the Vietnamese ceramic industry of the Red
River Delta. Much of the cargo was eventually sold at auction
by Butterfields in San Francisco and Los Angeles in October
2000.
The Diana (1817)
The Diana was a three-masted sailing ship termed a Country
Ship; these were British ships that operated independently
from the English East India Company and were usually involved
in the illegal smuggling of Indian opium into China. She
stuck the rocks of Karang Lingtang shortly after leaving
the port of Malacca on the West coast of the Malaysian peninsular
in March 1817. Although by this time the European trade
in Chinese porcelain had more or less disappeared because
of the growth of native industries, porcelain was still
being brought out of China for markets in India and South
Africa. Around 24,000 pieces of porcelain were recovered
by Malaysian Historical Salvage during 1993 the best of
which were a number of dinner services in the blue and white
Fitzhugh pattern.